digital caliper function  (MetaMorph Inc)

Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: Interrater reliability of quantitative ultrasound using force feedback among examiners with varied levels of experience

doi: 10.7717/peerj.2146

Figure Lengend Snippet: The figure depicts an exploded view of the custom ultrasound transducer interface housing that was used to connect the load cell to the ultrasound device in order to detect examiner forces without impeding scanning. The augmented ultrasound transducer was used manually for hand-held image capture and also attached to the KUKA Light Weight Robot end effector for use during automated image capture.

Article Snippet: Following each image capture, the sonographer used the Sonosite ultrasound machine digital caliper measurement function to obtain material thickness measures.

Techniques:

Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: Interrater reliability of quantitative ultrasound using force feedback among examiners with varied levels of experience

doi: 10.7717/peerj.2146

Figure Lengend Snippet: The KUKA Light Weight Robot (A) was used to obtain automated ultrasound images for comparison with manually acquired images (B) from six examiners using force feedback. The robot-generated forces and material deformation were measured using the same ultrasound device, force transducer, and ultrasound phantom that were used by the six examiners.

Article Snippet: Following each image capture, the sonographer used the Sonosite ultrasound machine digital caliper measurement function to obtain material thickness measures.

Techniques: Comparison, Generated

Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: Interrater reliability of quantitative ultrasound using force feedback among examiners with varied levels of experience

doi: 10.7717/peerj.2146

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A–C) The longitudinal view exemplar ultrasound images were obtained by an examiner while using a force-feedback augmented transducer. The values below each image show the progressive increase in the targeted applied force on the ultrasound phantom and the corresponding increase in material deformation. (N, Newtons; cm, centimeters).

Article Snippet: Following each image capture, the sonographer used the Sonosite ultrasound machine digital caliper measurement function to obtain material thickness measures.

Techniques:

Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: Interrater reliability of quantitative ultrasound using force feedback among examiners with varied levels of experience

doi: 10.7717/peerj.2146

Figure Lengend Snippet: Descriptive data and measurement error estimates for the material thickness values. The table summarizes the examiners’ applied force against the ultrasound phantom surface and the corresponding material deformation.

Article Snippet: Following each image capture, the sonographer used the Sonosite ultrasound machine digital caliper measurement function to obtain material thickness measures.

Techniques:

Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: Interrater reliability of quantitative ultrasound using force feedback among examiners with varied levels of experience

doi: 10.7717/peerj.2146

Figure Lengend Snippet: The KUKA Light Weight Robot (LWR) was used to obtain automated ultrasound images for comparison with manually acquired images from six examiners using force feedback. Deformation of the phantom material, secondary to progressive intervals of applied manual or automated force, was measured during the scanning procedures. Therefore, higher values along the ordinate and abscissa are associated with lower stress levels. These procedures were conducted using the same ultrasound machine and transducer, the force-feedback interface system, and muscle tissue-mimicking ultrasound phantom for both image acquisition methods. The overlay scatter plots depict the material thickness measures obtained with automated image acquisition along the abscissa, and the corresponding values for material thickness obtained with manual force feedback image acquisition along the ordinate. The coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) between each examiner and the KUKA LWR depicts a significant association among the serial material thickness measures attained by each of the examiners (varying from experienced to novice) with those attained using the automated image capture method over a range of force targets (1 N–10 N in 1 N increments; R 2 = .86–.97, p < .001; Experienced (EXPER), >10 years; Intermediate (INTMD), 1 year; Novice, 1 month; N, Newtons; cm, centimeters).

Article Snippet: Following each image capture, the sonographer used the Sonosite ultrasound machine digital caliper measurement function to obtain material thickness measures.

Techniques: Comparison